Huangshan Luan tree Sapindaceae Koelreuteria tree, also known as doctor trees, lanterns tree, scientific name Koelrenteria Paniculata. Luan tree is a deciduous tree, the tree upright, much crown umbrella. Beautiful lush foliage, red leaves in spring, summer flowers beckon golden yellow, capsule-like autumn lantern light, skin red, gorgeous looking, blowing in the breeze under the rushing sound like bells, also known as a "cash cow." Luan tree temperate, subtropical species. Hi warm and humid climate; hi light is also slightly resistant to semi-shade; hi grown in limestone soils, but also the ability of soil salinization, cold and drought resistance, barren, and the ability of short-term waterlogging. Deep-rooted, growth speed, childhood moderate, after getting fast. Wind, dust pollution, sulfur dioxide, ozone has a strong resistance. Foliage bactericidal function; flower nectar for good, and yellow dye extracted. Luan tree adaptability, seasonal obvious, is the ideal way street, court shade trees and other landscaping, industrial pollution is planted with good species. Second, the propagation and cultivation techniques 1. Seed propagation Luan tree fruit seed collection in 9 to 10 months to mature. Election grows well straight trunk, crown open, full of fruit, in the age of the fine individual strong as the seed parent trees, the fruit of red-brown or orange significant and timely collection time capsule yet to crack, or will fall off on their own. But it should not be taken too soon, otherwise the seed germination rate. Fruit processing fruit drying or acquisition should be spread out to dry, until the capsule cracking, beating threshing with screening net species. Seeds black, spherical, the germination rate of 60 to 80 percent. Before sowing seed storage and processing testa hard and difficult permeable, if not the second year after germination spring, often do not germinate or germination rate is very low. Therefore, the best year in autumn sowing, so complete in the soil seed germination stage, eliminating the need for seed storage, germination and other processes, the second in the spring and early seedling tidy, robust growth. But autumn sowing, seed placement in the field a long time, to manage the work of planting more trouble. Therefore, the production also used stratification method. In late autumn Gaozao choose the terrain, good drainage, sunny leeward at digging. Pit width l ~ 1.5m, deep beneath the frozen layer above the water table about lm, depending on seed pit length quantity. Bottom can spread a layer of gravel or coarse sand, about 10 ~ 20cm thick, the pit insert a Sokcho for ventilation. The sterilized seeds mixed with wet sand, into the pit, seeds and sand volume ratio of 1: 3 or 1: 5, or a layer of a layer of sand seed cross-layer, each having a thickness of about 5cm. Sand by hand into the group and humidity, no water, let go touch that spread appropriate. Loaded to about 20cm from the ground up, the overlying sand and 10 ~ 20cm 5cm thick straw, etc., around the dug drainage ditches, remove the seeds in March next year sown directly. Dry storage of seeds sown the first 40 days, with warm water mixed with 80 ℃ Soaking wet sand after germination, when the number of seeds Liezui to drill more than 30%. March sowing spring sowing, using broadloom drilling. After sowing, cover 1 ~ 2cm thick layer of loose soil crushing, drying to prevent seed loss or damage by birds. Then with a small irrigated once, and then use the material covered by grass, straw, etc., about 20 days after the seedlings out together, removed the straw. 2. cuttage cuttings collected in the autumn leaves of trees, combined with l-year-old seedlings stumping, the base of the trunk diameter 0.5 ~ 2cm pieces collected as seed, or the year of acquisition perennial Luan tree seedlings sprouting sin dry, leggy branches for the species strip, while the acquisition side bale. After finishing with wet soil or wet sand buried immediately, without losing moisture to prepare for it by cuttings. Scissor cuttings taken cuttings buried about 15cm cut into small pieces, the flat cut notches, from bud 1.5cm, under oblique notches cut in the near buds. Tozo Tozo place cuttings should be selected not easy hydrocephalus shade, the possession of the trench in the sand heel cuttings. Note buds upward direction, single place, then covered with 50 ~ 60cm thick, wet sand. Cuttings Cuttings next spring, spacing 30 × 50cm, first with a wooden punch, line, cuttings exposed 1 to 2 buds. After inserting the management to maintain soil moisture, shade structures appropriate, nitrogen, phosphorus, when the hardening of seedlings, fertilizer control water control, prompting woody. 3. Nursery Management shade shade time, shade should be considered at the time of the local temperature and weather conditions, and to ensure their seedlings for the degree of harm from sunburn. To be gradually extended into the fall photoperiod and light intensity, until accept full light, in order to improve the degree of woody seedlings. Thinning the seedlings grow to fill the gaps 5 ~ 10cm high, to be thinning, to 10 ~ 15cm spacing is appropriate. Between thinning small left large left superior to inferior, between dense stay thin, thinning combined with water after applying fertilizer. Combined with thinning, fill the gaps so that the seedlings were distributed evenly. Transplanting seedlings sprout transplant can induce root system, one-year seedlings of 50 to 70 cm high. Koelreuteria deep-rooted trees, should be repeated to form a good and effective transplant roots. Seedlings in the year after the leaves fall into the ditch heel to rise, planted next spring equinox. Luan tree trunk is not easy because of the long straight, the first transplantation should cut dry stubble, and to strengthen the management of fertilizer. Spring sprout from the base of the branch, choose to stay straight, robust person trained to the trunk, the trunk growing fast, straight. The first cut stem mainly the second year in the spring can be re-cut dry processing. After the transplant once every three years or so, when transplanted to the appropriate cut taproot and lateral coarse to trigger new roots. Luan tree saplings grow slowly, twice before transplantation should be appropriately high density, helping to train straight trunk, saving land. After that should be appropriately sparse, culture intact canopy. Growing often loose soil, weeding, watering, fertilizer, to fall straight through the trunk can develop. Fertilization growth period, should be subject to the nitrogen-based fertilizer quick result, promote vegetative growth. To stop after autumn nitrogen, increasing phosphorus, potassium, improve plant lignification and cold tolerance. Winter, farm organic fertilizer should be applied, provided support for the validity of seedling growth nutrients, but also played insulation, soil improvement role. 4. large seedling cultivation when the trunk height of branching point height, leaving the main branch, 3 to 4 years can Chupu. Seedling dry year is not straight or not up to the standard set of dry, re-training the following year after stumping. Generally after two transplants, and cultured for 3 to 6 years, can reach diameter 4 ~ 8cm. Planting density: 4 to 5 cm diameter at breast height of about 600 acres planted, diameter of 6 to 8 cm of acres planted 200 to 300, elected to stay 3 to 5 main branch, short as of 40 cm, each main branch of 2 to 3 collateral, crown higher than 3. Foster trunk diameter of 8 to 12 cm of crowns seedlings, planted 160 to 170 acres, that spacing 2 × 2 m; cultivate stem diameter 12 cm and larger seedlings, planted 130 acres, that spacing 2 × 2.5 m. Combined tending, cut 1.5 meters below the stem sprout branches, in order to promote the growth of the trunk straight. 5. Luan tree seedlings shaping and pruning crown nearly spherical, tree upright, generally using natural style tree. Due to different uses, its plastic requirements also vary. Trees with seedlings require trunk straight, the first branch height of 2.5 to 3.5 m, crown complete plump, evenly distributed branches carry. Shade trees court requires huge canopy, dense branching height lower than the first trees. Trim around the above requirements take appropriate measures, and can be carried out during the winter or transplant.