Yew, also known as yew, Taxus is a genus of plants. Yew are shallow-rooted plants, the main root is not obvious, lateral root development, is recognized as an endangered rare natural anti-cancer plant in the world, is the result of the legacy of the ancient Quaternary glacial relict species on earth over 250 million years history. Under natural conditions, due to the slow growth rate of yew, regeneration ability, so a long time, has not yet formed a large yew regulatory touch raw material forest base worldwide. 1994 yew is defined as level of rare and endangered plants, while there are 42 countries in the world yew called "David", the United Nations has banned logging, is truly "plant giant panda." Evergreen yew trees, twigs alternate, green or yellow to reddish brown in autumn; winter bud scales back round or blunt ridge; sickle-shaped leaves, two style, 1.5-3 cm long, other than Taxus wider, while the small end of the tip, the bottom prescribe among yellow; flowers axillary, dioecious, female only one ovule, under the care of a few pieces of scales; flat oval seeds, flanked obvious ridge, surrounded goblet of red aril. Yew up to 30 meters, diameter of 65-100 cm; bark grayish brown, reddish brown or dark brown, splitting into strips off; carry big sticks, annual branches green or yellowish-green, green, yellow or fall into a reddish brown , two, three branches brown, reddish brown or gray-brown; winter buds brown, light brown or reddish-brown, shiny; winter bud scales back round or blunt ridge; leaf stripe, dioecious, seed oblate shape. Seeds for oil extraction, can also be used as medicine. Is a shallow rooted plants, the main root is not obvious, lateral root development. Leaves alternate spiral, the base for the two reverse, slightly curved strip, long 1 ~ 2.5cm, width 2 ~ 2.5mm, micro margin inflection, acuminate leaf end, there are two broad dorsal yellow-green or gray-green stomatal bands on the veins dense with tiny bumps, Greenbelt very narrow margin, dioecious, male cones solitary in leaf axils, female cones ovule solitary flower top minor axis of the shaft portion side of the students, the base disc-shaped aril. Seeds flat oval, with two edges, kind of oval, aril goblet, red. [1] The growth habit of yew are suitable for planting in the north and south parts of China, with a hi shade, drought, cold characteristics and requirements of the soil PH value of 5.5 to 7.0. Habitat of the shade, under the jungle can also grow, perennial, not a forest. More common in red pine conifer dominated. Born on a rocky hilltop or barren soil, mostly shrubby. Origin 2 ℃ to an average annual temperature of 7 degrees, with an average annual rainfall of 750 to 1000 mm. Born in more casual - shady or semi-shady moist, fertile under conifer. Likes the cool, moist climate, can withstand low temperatures below minus 30 ℃, cold resistance, optimum temperature 20 ~ 25 ℃, which is feminine species. Hi humid but the fear of floods, suitable for planting on the loose and moist well-drained sandy loam. Distribution of a wide range of Lechang in Guangdong, Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Sichuan, as well as western and Fodingshan fanjingshanensis Tongren City, Guizhou region, most of the southwestern region of Chongqing as well as a large plate youyang virgin forest camp, south of Gansu and other places. In addition to a Austrotaxus Spicata produced in the southern hemisphere in Australia, the rest of the yew are produced in the northern hemisphere. There are four kinds of Chinese yew 1 variants, distributed in most parts of China. Japanese yew mainly in Changbai Mountain area and Heilongjiang, Liaoning eastern mountain also has a small distribution. Taxus mainly in western Yunnan and prefectures in 16 counties with a total area of ??about 90,000 square kilometers, which is characterized by widely distributed, decentralized growth, no pure forest, mostly forest scattered trees. Taxus chinensis mainly in eastern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan, eastern Yunnan Chunlin, mostly scattered trees in the forest. Related species of yew (original variety) Taxuschinensis (Pilger) Rehd var.chinensis tree, up to 30 meters, diameter of 60-100 cm; bark grayish brown, reddish brown or dark brown, split into strips off; carry big sticks, annual branches green or yellowish-green, green, yellow or fall into a reddish brown, two, three branches brown, reddish brown or gray-brown; winter buds brown, light brown or reddish-brown, shiny, triangular-shaped bud scales oval, back invertebrates or longitudinal ridges, deciduous or persistent few sprigs in the base. Leaves are arranged in two, strip, slightly curved or relatively straight, long 1-3 (mostly 1.5-2.2) cm wide and 2-4 (mostly 3) mm, the upper micro gradually narrow, apex often micro acute, Dilute acute or acuminate, dark green above, shiny, yellowish green below, with two stomatal bands, veins bring a uniform and a tiny circular spot horny papillae dense, often with the same color and porosity, thin color lighter. Male cones yellow, gold stamens 8-14, anthers 4-8 (mostly 5-6). Born goblet of red fleshy seed aril, sometimes discoid species born submembranous care (ie not develop into a fleshy aril beads care) above, often ovoid, tapering upper, dilute obovate, 5-7 mm long, 3.5-5 mm in diameter, slightly flat or round, often with two blunt upper ridge, thin upper triangular with three blunt ridge protruding apex short blunt tip, hilum nearly round or wide oval, thin triangular-round. [2] produced in southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, Sichuan, northeastern and southeastern Yunnan, western and southeastern Guizhou, western Hubei, Hunan, northeastern, northern and southern Guangxi, Anhui (Huangshan), often born 1000-1200 meters above sea level the upper mountain. Lushan has cultivated. [2] Most yew seed propagation by seed propagation. November mature seeds can be harvested after the fleshy seed coat clean dry, then wet sand laminated buried in shady and dry place, covered by plastic film on top of straws. Summer and autumn seed should flip twice a month, to the nursery can be planted in early March next year. Seedbed should choose the Leeward slightly acidic and well-drained sandy loam plots, one meter wide bed, groove width 40 cm, from east to west from the high ridge, on both sides of the ridge buried 25 cm high, 4 cm thick steel plate, 10 cm deep. Chuangtu require deep plowing and precision farming, prevention and treatment facilities into carbofuran underground pests. Each one with vermiculite, sand, peat, garden soil, and add carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl, such as fungicides, mixed into the matrix filled with plate, flat side up with the middle of 3 to 5 cm. Covered with plastic film sealing fumigation 3-5 days can be planted. Seeds evenly spread on the bed surface, seeding rate per square meter is about 200, after sowing slightly flattened with a wooden cover 1-2 cm thick soil mixing matrix, straws or plastic film covering insulation moisture. In case of dry weather, water should be appropriate, generally 40 days to germinate emergence. You should remove the plastic film or straw mat, and erection of 2 meters above the seedbed shade awning, roof shade nets to prevent direct sunlight. Keep the seedbed moist, rainy days should take low Shed seedbed and covered plastic film to prevent too much water. Seedbed good drainage ventilation, timely pest control. Seedling applied once every 10 days maturity of light cake water, avoid using fertilizers and concentrated fertilizer. After a year of careful conservation seedling management, up to 15 to 25 cm height and 2 to 3 forked branches. Can be transplanted in early April. Plantations should choose leeward, dry, slightly acidic humus-rich sandy soil, the plowing 20 cm, 5 kg per square meter facilities decomposed manure. Since high ridge, dig deep groove, ridge width of 100 cm, 30 cm wide ditch. Each species ridge line 5, spaced 20 cm, 15 cm spacing. Transplantation should be selected on a cloudy day, should vary with the kind of shift, the need to bring the soil ball transplanting. Immediately after transplanting pouring a permeable, and ride height of two meters above the shade awning, shade net cover sunny, rainy days and at night it can be removed. Growing strengthen the management of fertilizer, usually applied once every 10 days maturity cake water. Good pest management. Strengthen shading cool summer job, take water cooling when necessary, in order to create a moist environment conducive to the growth of seedlings cold. Yew both produce high-grade furniture, the finest materials, but also of great medical value of herbs, it is a fine species of landscaping, with the maturity and development of its artificial breeding and artificial cultivation techniques, yew will be more extensive range of applications . When using yew seedlings seed breeding, seed storage methods to pay attention to the Tibetan sand mixed species or temperature treatment, which is after the winter break dormancy and sprouting habit, with good results. To rub injury before planting the seed coat, warm water soaking, pharmacy hormone treatment. After emergence seedling shade is the key. Ignition temperature prevents seedlings moist, light transmittance of 40% is appropriate. Japanese yew Taxus chinensis and germination rate can reach 70 to 80 percent, requiring emergence temperatures above 15 degrees. Seedlings seedling growth dynamics are: seedlings height and stem diameter at the emergence of the first two years of slow growth, height general annual growth of about 10cm, growth accelerated transplant a year later. 3 years to 5 years increased by up to 20 ~ 30cm. Cuttage yew cuttings breeding, as well twigs in spring and autumn, with hard sticks as well. Do low shed shade processing general cuttings. General cutting survival rate up to 70%. The conventional cuttings only 3% to about 20%. Shading rate of not less than 60%. Cuttings root base to do careful handling. When the humidity starts to be intermittently kept at about 75 to 85%. Avoided through strong winds cause dehydration. Factors affecting the survival rate of cuttings in general are: age, temperature, drug concentration, substrate, season, humidity, variety, and other man-made factors. Cuttings root seedlings in the first year of the course, aboveground growth is slow, but quickly take root, lateral root development. After the second year of transplant, for further processing shade, seedbed management. Ensure appropriate environmental conditions, growth accelerated. In summer, the fastest growing, winter and spring slowly. You should pay attention to changes in temperature, long-term growth inhibition or dry can cause sudden death. But after seedbed seedlings Fu Zhuang, afforestation survival rate is very high yew. Very few deaths and growing rapidly. After adjusting the temperature of the nursery management cuttings bed ground temperature should be maintained 18 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, the greenhouse temperature is 22 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, soil humidity of 60% to 70%. Seedling management every day to observe plastic greenhouse temperature and humidity, Gongpeng plastic film drops when there is no water, no drops of water when when water uncover plastic film received appropriate rain or watering. Greenhouse temperature reached 30 ℃ to promptly plastic ends Shed opened for ventilation. Sunset and then seal the plastic film to keep the greenhouse temperature. Before Snow moved to the upper shade nets removed Gongpeng plastic, to continue shade to prevent direct sunlight for seedlings. About 45 days after cutting, start rooting cuttings, 65 days or so basic Health Qi, can grow 3 to 5 cm then shoots. Two years later, can be transplanted, then more developed root system easy to survive. Grow up to 6 to 8 years, 80 to 90 cm tall trees. Weeding weeding disease prevention at the grass just grow to be carried out, if a large grass roots strong, the careless will pull together along with seedlings, seedlings or leakage resulting in death, so early weeding, weeding ground, avoid water, fat loss; in the rainy season yew seedlings stem rot prone to root rot, then 70% of available Fenaminosulf 400 to 700 times spraying watering: seedlings in the dry hot season and easy to get blight, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture to prevent and treat. [6] is the use of tissue culture plant tissue culture cells, totipotent, and clonal. Use yew plants stems, needles, bark, cambium, aril, embryos as explants were cultured and other research. 1. Selection yew varieties, as explants inoculated medium through callus formation, root, seedling shoot clump formation step, get a lot of tissue culture in the laboratory. After matrix transplanting seedlings after the training, examination and epidemic prevention has become the production of seedlings. 2. The ratio of late and early Taxus callus formation, there are differences between different types and different plants of the same species. Simultaneously with the explant types, sampling location and collection season, lighting conditions, media types, and other factors. Leaves fall off, because the added nutrients or spraying acidic water basin with a blade or a fraction of * ferrous solution, ten days time, three consecutive times. Yellow leaves can cause alkali back to green. 5, each year in March and April, yew will germinate lot of buds, will consume a lot of nutrients, then you can grow toward the inside of the buds removed, to prevent the chandelier too airtight so that leaves yellow or fall off. For crossing branches, leggy branches within prune branches can improve ventilation. Transmittance, and save water and nutrient excessive consumption, just when the buds germination foliar spray fertilizer is best not to, or at the root of pouring concentrated fertilizer. 6, if the normal amount of fertilizer urea nitrogen fertilizer alone, concentration is generally thousandth, if alone potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer chase, to a concentration of one-thousandth of a fraction, a dressing interval to seven ten days. [7] Pest Control is one of the yew stem rot diseases of seedlings growing yew cuttings hardest hit. Yew cuttings two months after cutting seedling stem base (cuttings underground and aboveground junction) have been incidents stem rot, from the start of the individual strains of pathogenic virulence and then extended to the entire cluster, resulting in loss of green leaf cuttings, dead and shedding . Because the disease occurs mainly in the hot summer season, cutting seedling damage by high soil temperature and provide the conditions for the bacteria invade, their incidence and prevalence of disease depends on the temperature of 7 to August, when the incidence of early seedling heat capacity weak, and its incidence is heavier. Prevention First, that is, between the summer and lower in the seedbed soil surface temperature to prevent burns seedling stem base, so as to avoid bacteria invade wounds cause; Second, increased fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings and cuttings enhance their resistance to disease. Third, the use of PCNB powder + Fenaminosulf powder to 5g / kg concentration watered watering mix, its prevention is best reached 89%, or carbendazim + thiophanate-methyl WP to 4g / kg concentration of the mixed watered watered their control effect of 83%. Fourth, a large area of ??prevention and treatment of the disease in the above two methods used alternately, can basically control the occurrence of the economic value of cutting seedling stalk rot, according to "People's Daily" October 17, 2001 reported that the fifth edition, 2000 on the international market of high quality paclitaxel The price has been as high as $ 180,000 per kilogram. Orange heartwood, sapwood pale brown, texture straight, fine structure, the proportion of 0.55-0.76, solid and durable, less cracking dry. For buildings, vehicles, furniture, appliances, tools and stationery timber. [2] The medicinal value of the medicinal value of yew extract its main body - secondary metabolic derivatives - paclitaxel. Taxol was first isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia out of the anti-tumor activity of ingredients. Is one of the best drug treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer and breast cancer, while lung cancer, esophageal cancer also have a significant effect on nephritis and parvovirus inhibit inflammation. Taxus roots, stems, leaves can be used as medicine, can treat urinary poor, eliminate swelling, to: diabetes, female menstruation, increased blood has a therapeutic effect. Yew can also be used for postpartum care for women illnesses have a therapeutic effect. Ecological Landscaping Garden Landscaping, indoor bonsai also has a very broad prospects for development, such as the use of high-grade production of rare yew tree bonsai. Northeast technical processing applications dwarf yew bonsai styling is simple and elegant, compact foliage rather dense stretch without loose, red stems and red sticks, leaves, red beans it has outlook stems, concept branches, foliage, fruit of multiple ornamental value. Clean air yew can well purify indoor air, gas absorption, such as interior decoration formaldehyde new home can be a good time to be absorbed, which will reduce the gas content in the room. Yew itself can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, is a day and night can be used for natural oxygen bar, CAM tree species belonging, can prevent respiratory diseases, maintain cleanliness and safety of the air. Proved by modern environmental monitoring, such as yew many toxic sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and so has absorbed into the body, clean indoor air.